Swimming performance,whole body ions,and gill Al accumulation during acclimation to sublethal aluminium in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Rod W. Wilson  Chris M. Wood 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1992,10(2):149-159

Juvenile rainbow trout (2–5 g) were chronically exposed (for 22 days) to acidified softwater (Ca²⁺ = 25 Eq/l, pH 5.2) in the presence or absence sublethal Al (30 g/l). Al-exposed fish (5.2/Al group) suffered 20% whole body Na⁺ and Cl^– losses and a 30% reduction in the maximum sustainable swimming speed (U_crit) over the initial 7 days. These disturbances were approximately 2 fold greater than those observed in the fish exposed to low pH alone (5.2/0 group). However, whole body ion levels were completely restored in the 5.2/Al fish by day 22, whereas they merely stabilized at a new reduced level in the 5.2/0 group. Increased resistance to acutely lethal Al (200 g/l at pH 5.2) was observed from day 17 onwards in the 5.2/Al fish. Despite this acclimation and recovery of whole body ions, U_crit remained significantly lower than in the 5.2/0 group throughout. Growth on a restricted diet of 1% body wt. /day was normal in the 5.2/0 group compared with controls maintained in pH 6.5 softwater, whereas 5.2/Al fish suffered a 50% reduction in growth rate on the same diet. The 5.2/Al fish accumulated large amounts of Al on the gills, reaching an initial peak after 4 days, followed by a decline at 7 days, and a secondary rise thereafter. Therefore acclimation and recovery of whole body ionic status was not associated with a reduction in the gill Al burden. Some of the metabolic costs of acclimation to Al, namely a continued impairment of swimming speed and growth, are discussed in light of the physiological and structural changes reported to occur at the gills.  相似文献   

Oxygen uptake in the Antarctic teleost Pagothenia borchgrevinki. Limitations imposed by X-cell gill disease   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

William Davison  Craig E. Franklin  Peter W. Carey 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1990,8(1):69-77

Fish in a population of Pagothenia borchgrevinki in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, are affected by a gill disease (X-cell disease) which causes tissue hyperplasia that results in a decreased gill surface area and an increased water/blood diffusion distance. P. borchgrevinki acquires 95% of its oxygen via the gills, but damage to the gills by X-cell disease did not affect this function. There was no compensatory shift to cutaneous respiration. X-cell disease reduced the ability for oxygen uptake at low ambient P_{O 2} and the decreased uptake was related to the extent of the disease. _{O 2} max was greatly reduced in X-cell affected fish and substantially reduced their aerobic potential. This effect may impair the ability of diseased fish to catch prey and avoid predators.  相似文献   

姬松茸菌褶、担孢子及菌丝体微观形态观察     

周宇  黄在兴  鲍兴禄  李晶  刘朋虎 《热带作物学报》2022,43(12):2482-2488

姬松茸（Agaricus brasiliensis）不仅营养丰富还具有很高的药用价值,是一种名贵的食药用菌,其产业发展前景广阔。但由于姬松茸种质资源匮乏,对姬松茸的遗传背景认识不足,阻碍了其杂交育种技术的发展,现有的种质资源难以满足实际生产需要。本研究以姬松茸J1菌株为实验材料,通过对姬松茸生殖相关结构进行微观形态观察,探究姬松茸相关的生物学特性。利用扫描电子显微镜和荧光显微镜观察姬松茸不同生长发育时期菌褶、担孢子和菌丝体微观形态特征。结果表明：桑葚期菌褶和菌髓处于发育阶段,菌褶片状物不明显;珊瑚期后能明显观察到菌褶片状物,相互平行排列,由菌髓和其两侧的子实层组成,排列紧密,厚度均匀,且着生少量担子,但菌髓呈不规则排列;成形期菌褶更为清晰、排列规整,内菌幕未破裂,菌褶间隙包含表面凸起排列的担孢子和杂乱的导管状细胞,导管状细胞紧密关联;成形期菌褶担子较为饱满,有褶皱,担子上着生有3个孢子梗或4个孢子梗,各担孢子之间有细小的连接丝。通过DAPI对担孢子核数进行染色观察,发现姬松茸大多数担孢子属于双核孢子,少量属于单核和无核孢子;通过DAPI对菌丝体细胞核进行染色观察,发现姬松茸菌丝体属于多核,有隔膜,但未见锁状联合。本研究明确了姬松茸不同生长发育时期的菌褶、担子、担孢子以及菌丝体的微观形态特征,丰富了姬松茸的生物学研究和生活史过程认识,为姬松茸杂交育种、担孢子交配型、遗传转化体系等研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

亚慢性铜暴露对背角无齿蚌鳃抗氧化系统的影响     

林子根  井维鑫  王兰 《农业环境科学学报》2019,38(6):1233-1239

为探究淡水环境中铜(Copper, Cu)污染对背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)鳃抗氧化系统的影响,检测了Cu~(2+)(0.137、0.548、2.192 mg·L~(-1))暴露于背角无齿蚌7、14、21、28 d后,其鳃中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GPx)和谷胱甘肽转硫酶(Glutathione-S-transferase,GST)的活性,还原型谷胱甘肽(Reduced glutathione,GSH)和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量及总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,TAOC)的变化。结果显示:随着Cu~(2+)浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长,MDA含量逐渐上升,表现出明显的"剂量-效应"和"时间-效应"关系;抗氧化酶SOD、GPx和GST活性均被显著诱导(P0.05), CAT活性被显著抑制(P0.05),抗氧化剂GSH含量显著降低(P0.05);Cu~(2+)暴露14、21、28 d,T-AOC与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05)。总体而言,背角无齿蚌鳃抗氧化系统在Cu~(2+)暴露下被激活,但是鳃组织器官仍然受到了氧化损伤。GPx、GST和GSH对Cu~(2+)暴露响应最为灵敏。  相似文献   

Bacterial Populations of African Catfish,Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Cultured in Earthen Ponds     

Ahmed H. Al-Harbi  M. Naim Uddin 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3):187-193

The aim of this study was to investigate the load and distribution patterns of the aerobic bacterial flora associated with pond water, sediments, gills, and intestines of healthy African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, cultured in Saudi Arabia. Counts of viable bacteria ranged from 7.9 ± 4.4 10³ to 4.3 ± 5.7 10⁴ colony forming units (cfu)/mL in water; 1.3 ± 2.7 10⁸ to 7.4 ± 4.6 10⁹ cfu/g in sediments; 8.7 ± 1.8 10⁶ to 6.6 ± 5.8 10⁷ cfu/g in gill filaments; and 8.8 ± 6.2 10⁸ to 4.3 ± 2.8 10¹⁰ cfu/g in intestines. The bacterial flora was predominantly comprised of gram-negative rods, accounting for 75% of the total isolated strains. Altogether, 11 bacterial species of 8 genera were identified: Aeromonas hydrophila, Shewanella putrefaciens, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium urealyticum, and Vibrio vulnificus were the most common with the first three dominating (prevalence > 14%) in every population studied.  相似文献   

四溴联苯醚对菲律宾蛤仔组织解毒代谢基因表达的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘鲁青  宫晓莉  许超群  王琳 《中国水产科学》2012,19(2):294-300

菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)样本壳高(2.76±0.18)cm,壳长(4.11±0.22)cm;四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)梯度设置为0.25、6.25μg/L,以海水组为对照,取样测定时间为0、1、3、6、10、15和21 d。结果表明:BDE-47对菲律宾蛤仔鳃丝和消化盲囊AhR、CYP4、GST-pi和Pgp mRNA表达影响显著(P<0.05),而对照组无明显变化。在实验时间内,各处理组鳃丝和消化盲囊AhR基因表达呈峰值变化,分别于第6天、第1天时达到最大值和最小值,然后恢复至对照组水平;各处理组组织CYP4和GST-pi基因表达均呈峰值变化,分别于第3天、第1天达到最小值和最大值,其中消化盲囊CYP4基因表达在3 d后保持稳定,且被显著抑制,而组织GST-pi基因表达则在6d后趋于稳定,0.25、6.25μg/L处理组表现为高于和低于对照组水平;各处理组鳃Pgp基因表达在实验时间内呈峰值变化,分别于第1天、第10天达到最大值,均显著高于对照组水平,而0.25、6.25μg/L处理组消化盲囊Pgp基因表达在21d内分别呈逐渐升高和峰值变化,6 d后表现为被诱导和抑制。由此可见,菲律宾蛤仔在BDE-47胁迫下组织解毒代谢基因表达均被显著诱导或抑制,其中GST-pi基因在低浓度处理组被诱导,高浓度组被抑制,表现出明显的时间效应性,可作为BDE-47污染评价的生物效应指标。  相似文献   

Preliminary success using hydrogen peroxide to treat Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., affected with experimentally induced amoebic gill disease (AGD)     

M B Adams  P B B Crosbie  B F Nowak 《Journal of fish diseases》2012,35(11):839-848

Currently, the only effective and commercially used treatment for amoebic gill disease (AGD) in farmed Tasmanian Atlantic salmon is freshwater bathing. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), commonly used throughout the aquaculture industry for a range of topical skin and gill infections, was trialled in vitro and in vivo to ascertain its potential as an alternative treatment against AGD. Under in vitro conditions, trophozoites of Neoparamoeba perurans were exposed to three concentrations of H₂O₂ in sea water (500, 1000 and 1500 mg L^?1) over four durations (10, 20, 30 and 60 min) each at two temperatures (12 and 18 °C). Trophozoite viability was assessed immediately post‐exposure and after 24 h. A concentration/duration combination of 1000 mg L^?1 for >10 min demonstrated potent amoebicidal activity. Subsequently, Atlantic salmon mildly affected with experimentally induced AGD were treated with H₂O₂ at 12 and 18 °C for 15 min at 1250 mg L^?1 and their re‐infection rate was compared to freshwater‐treated fish over 21 days. Significant differences in the percentage of filaments affected with hyperplastic lesions (in association with amoebae) and plasma osmolality were noted between treatment groups immediately post‐bath. However, the results were largely equivocal in terms of disease resolution over a 3‐week period following treatment. These data suggest that H₂O₂ treatment in sea water successfully ameliorated a clinically light case of AGD under laboratory conditions.  相似文献   

丁香酚对鲤的麻醉作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张富林  吕世明  韩俊伟 《山地农业生物学报》2007,26(6):504-507

为测定丁香酚对鲤Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus的麻醉作用效果,将丁香酚溶于水配制成不同浓度溶液进行试验研究.结果表明,丁香酚对鲤有较强的麻醉作用,麻醉浓度比最常用的MS-222低,麻醉的最佳浓度为20mg·L-1、40mg·L-1,随丁香酚浓度从10～160mg·L-1逐渐升高,麻醉开始时间从18.25min逐渐缩短至0.21min,苏醒时间从0.52min延长至13.8min;鲤的鳃动次数从(44.5±1.54)次·min-1降至(8.4±0.60)次·min-1;空气中苏醒时间从2.06min延长至9.74min;耗氧量从(0.58±0.19)mg逐渐降低至(0.094±0.012)mg.  相似文献   

三唑磷对斑节对虾肝胰腺和鳃的氧化胁迫效应     

李红艳  张结  陈海刚  马胜伟  陈炜婷  王涛  蔡文贵 《农业环境保护》2013,(12):2345-2351

采用半静态毒性实验方法测定了三唑磷（Triazophos,OP）对斑节对虾（Penaeusmonodon）的96hLC卯值,同时研究了低（0．3μg·L^-1）、中（0．5μg·L^-1）、高（1μg·L^-1）浓度OP胁迫1、3、7、14d和清水恢复7d后斑节对虾肝胰腺和鳃中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、丙二醛（MDA）含量和总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）的变化趋势。结果表明：在胁迫期间SOD、GPx活性都受到了显著的诱导和抑制,呈一定的变化规律;MDA含量随胁迫时间延长显著升高。肝胰腺T—AOC在低浓度OP胁迫下呈升高-下降-升高的变化趋势,高浓度则显著下降;鳃T—AOC显著升高,而随胁迫时间延长,T—AOC显著降低。经清水恢复7d后,各浓度组肝胰腺SOD活性仍然显著低于空白组,MDA含量和T-AOC显著高于空白组。低浓度组鳃SOD、T—AOC显著高于空白组,MDA含量和中、高浓度SOD能恢复到正常水平,T—AOC则显著低于空白组。肝胰腺和鳃GPx活性变化情况相同,均为低、中浓度显著升高,高浓度显著下降。上述结果显示,0P对斑节对虾的抗氧化系统有显著的影响,且具有组织特异性,肝胰腺对OP较为敏感。斑节对虾对一定浓度OP所带来的氧化损伤具有一定的自我修复能力,但在短期内无法完全修复。  相似文献   

Histological alterations in gills of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in low‐salinity waters under different stocking densities: Potential relationship with nitrogen compounds          下载免费PDF全文

Marcela G. Fregoso‐López  María S. Morales‐Covarrubias  Miguel A Franco‐Nava  Javier Ramírez‐Rochín  Juan F Fierro‐Sañudo  Jesús T Ponce‐Palafox  Federico Páez‐Osuna 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(12):5854-5863

Two experimental modules with different stocking densities (M1 = 70 and M2 = 120 shrimp /m²) were examined weekly over a culture cycle in tanks with low‐salinity water (1.9 g/L) and zero water exchange. Results showed survival rates of 87.7 and 11.9% in M1 and M2, respectively. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and chlorophyll a were not significantly (p > .05) different between modules. In contrast, the concentrations of nitrogen compounds were significantly (p < .05) different between modules, except nitrite‐N (M2 were 2.31 ± 1.38 mg/L N‐TAN, 0.18 ± 0.49 mg/L N‐NO₂^? and 6.83 ± 6.52 mg/L N‐NO₃^?; in M1: 0.97 ± 0.73 mg/L N‐TAN, 0.05 ± 0.21 mg/L N‐NO₂^? and 0.63 ± 0.70 mg/L N‐NO₃^?). When waters of both modules reached higher levels of ammonia and nitrite, histological alterations were observed in gills. The histological alterations index (HAI) was higher in M2 (5‐112) than in M1 (2‐22).  相似文献